2018年泰达论坛微课堂聚焦动力蓄电池的回收利用,邀请有10几年动力蓄电池回收利用政策研究经验的中汽中心政策研究中心汽车产业政策研究室主任、电动汽车动力蓄电池循环利用战略联盟秘书长黎宇科主讲。他对动力蓄电池回收利用行业发展的分析全面详细,尤其是对8月1日开始实施的《新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用管理暂行办法》(以下简称《暂行办法》)的权威解读,引发车企及相关责任方的关注。

黎宇科强调,尽管从时间节点上看,动力蓄电池报废回收还没有到来,但相关工作一定要提前做好准备,否则,一旦高峰期到来,将会面临较大障碍和问题。

核心原则

1.落实生产者责任延伸制度,汽车生产企业承担动力蓄电池回收的主体责任,相关企业在动力蓄电池回收利用各环节履行相应责任,保障动力蓄电池的有效利用和环保处置。

2.坚持产品全生命周期理念,遵循环境效益、社会效益和经济效益有机统一的原则,充分发挥市场作用。

也就是说,车企是动力电池回收利用主体,承担主要责任,这与传统车辆的报废回收有很大不同,需要车企引起重视。

生产销售阶段

编码及上传:按照国家标准对电池进行编码,及时上传相关信息。黎宇科表示,动力蓄电池回收再利用,如涉及单体电磁的拆解再利用,相关编码的处理涉及较大工作量。

报废电池移交:在生产过程中报废的动力蓄电池应移交至回收服务网点或综合利用企业。黎宇科表示,保质期内由汽车生产企业4S店返至电池生产企业的电池该如何处理,还需进一步明确。在销售阶段,重点是信息公开。

回收报废阶段

鼓励汽车生产企业、电池生产企业、报废汽车回收拆解企业与综合利用企业等,通过多种形式合作共建、共用废旧动力蓄电池回收渠道。黎宇科表示,回收网点可以采用多种形式构建,可以自建、合建甚至委托建立,但什么样的标准才能构成回收服务网点,对此没有明确条件。同时,4S店并不具备存储拆卸要求,这些都需要进一步明确。

报废阶段则要和报废企业合作共享信息。但车企怎么回收报废后的电池还存在问题,尤其是后端综合利用企业,能不能收到电池还要看市场发展。

未来发展:任重道远协同推进

事实上,对于新能源汽车动力蓄电池的管理尚处于摸索阶段,之所以开展试点,就是管理部门尚未看清怎样对行业进行管理,希望通过试点发现问题,检验政策是否符合市场发展,会否有安全等方面的隐患。哪些东西可以固化? ,试点主要检验回收体系、商业模式、技术、政策激励等方面,已经有18个试点方案上报。

黎宇科还表示,作为一项关系社会重大安全的问题,动力电池的回收利用监管没有罚则,强制力度有限,至少要上升为条例或法律才更具约束力,而这方面还待多方共同努力。黎宇科预判,未来,动力蓄电池的管理政策将向进一步加强各地方政府积极落实回收试点工作;回收管理政策法规和标准制定有序开展;加强管理三个方向发展。

当前,动力蓄电池报废回收行业存在缺少法律法规,回收体系未有效建立,回收价值链尚未打通,政策标准体系亟待完善,对技术和研发支持力度不够,报废回收拆解企业亟待技术升级等问题,这些问题需要引起各方重视。希望政府、行业、企业协同推进蓄电池回收行业健康发展。

In 2018, the micro class of TEDA Forum focused on the recycling of power batteries. Li Yuke, the director of the Automotive Industry Policy Research Office of the Policy Research Center of China Automobile Center and the secretary-general of the Strategic Alliance for the Recycling of Electric Vehicle Power Batteries, who has more than 10 years of experience in policy research on the recycling of power batteries, was invited to give a keynote speech. His comprehensive and detailed analysis of the development of the power battery recycling industry, especially his authoritative interpretation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Power Battery Recycling of New Energy Vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the Interim Measures) implemented on August 1, attracted the attention of vehicle enterprises and relevant responsible parties.

Li Yuke stressed that although the scrapping and recycling of the traction battery has not come yet from the time node, the relevant work must be prepared in advance, otherwise, once the peak period comes, it will face major obstacles and problems.

Core principles

1. Implement the extended producer responsibility system. The automobile production enterprises assume the main responsibility for the recovery of the power battery, and relevant enterprises perform corresponding responsibilities in all aspects of the recovery and utilization of the power battery to ensure the effective utilization and environmental protection disposal of the power battery.

2. Adhere to the concept of product life cycle, follow the principle of organic unity of environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits, and give full play to the market role.

In other words, the vehicle enterprises are the main body of power battery recycling and take the main responsibility, which is very different from the scrapping and recycling of traditional vehicles, and they need to pay attention to it.

Production and sales stage

Coding and uploading: code the battery according to national standards and upload relevant information in time. Li Yuke said that the recycling of power battery, such as the disassembly and reuse of single electromagnetic, involves a large amount of work in the processing of relevant codes.

Handover of scrapped batteries: the scrapped power batteries in the production process shall be handed over to the recycling service outlets or comprehensive utilization enterprises. Li Yuke said that how to deal with the batteries returned from the 4S shop of the automobile manufacturer to the battery manufacturer within the warranty period needs to be further clarified. In the sales phase, the focus is on information disclosure.

Recycling and scrapping stage

Encourage automobile manufacturers, battery manufacturers, scrapped automobile recycling and dismantling enterprises and comprehensive utilization enterprises to cooperate in building and sharing recycling channels for waste power batteries in various forms. Li Yuke said that recycling outlets can be built in various forms, including self building, joint building and even commissioned building, but there is no clear condition on what standard can constitute a recycling service outlet. At the same time, 4S stores do not have storage and disassembly requirements, which need to be further clarified.

In the scrapping stage, information should be shared with the scrapping enterprises. However, there are still problems in how the car enterprises recycle the discarded batteries, especially in the back-end comprehensive utilization enterprises. Whether they can receive the batteries depends on the market development.

Future development: a long way to go

In fact, the management of new energy vehicle power battery is still in the exploratory stage. The reason for the pilot is that the management department has not yet seen how to manage the industry, hoping to find problems through the pilot, test whether the policy is in line with the market development, and whether there will be hidden dangers in terms of safety. What can be cured? Li Yuke introduced that the pilot mainly tests the recycling system, business model, technology, policy incentives, etc., and 18 pilot schemes have been reported.

Li Yuke also said that as a major social safety issue, there is no penalty for the regulation of the recycling of power batteries, and the enforcement is limited. At least, it needs to be raised to regulations or laws to be more binding, which needs joint efforts from all parties. Li Yuke predicted that in the future, the management policy of the power battery will further strengthen the local governments to actively implement the recycling pilot work; The formulation of recovery management policies, regulations and standards was carried out in an orderly manner; Strengthen management in three directions.

At present, the scrapping and recycling industry of power battery lacks laws and regulations, the recycling system has not been effectively established, the recycling value chain has not been opened up, the policy and standard system needs to be improved, the support for technology and research and development is not enough, and the scrapping, recycling and dismantling enterprises need to upgrade technology. These problems need to be paid attention to by all parties. It is hoped that the government, industry and enterprises will work together to promote the healthy development of the battery recycling industry.